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12th Zoology

Types of muscle contraction

Types of muscle contraction

There are 2 types of muscle contraction

1. Isotonic contraction:

It involves muscle shortening as the myofilaments
slide. This contraction produces normal movements, such as bending the
knee, rotating the arms and smiling.

2. Isometric contraction:

It occurs when the myofilaments “spin their wheels”
without moving, causing tension in the muscle. This is due to the muscles that
are pitted against some more or less immovable object.

Isometric and aerobic exercises (types of muscle contraction)

In isometric exercise, muscles are moved through a short distance
against a high resistance, as in pushing or pulling an immovable object.
Isometric exercise is best for developing large muscles, whereas isotonic
exercise has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Isometric
exercise-increases the thickness of the muscle fibres and their ability to store
glycogen.

Exercise :

The muscle inactivity always leads to weakness and wasting of
muscles. Muscles are no exception to the saying “use it or lose it”. Regular
exercise increases muscle size, strength and endurance. There are several
exercises according to the needs and benefits. For example jogging or biking
results in stronger, more flexible muscles with greater resistance to fatigue.
Stamina formation is mainly carried out through aerobic activities, such as
running and swimming.

Benefits of aerobic exercise: Physical exercise is a major contributor to
health and can improve the body in three ways: more efficient heart, and
lungs, improved muscle tone, and more supple joints. It is also essential to
prevent obesity.

Due to regular exercise, blood supply to muscle increases,
it results in supply of more O2. Further aerobic exercises make overall body
metabolism more efficient, improve digestion and enhances neuromuscular
co-ordination. Heart beat enlarges, so that more blood is pumped out with
each beat, fat deposits are cleared from the blood vessels and the lungs
become more efficient in gaseous exchange. These benefits may be temporary
or permanent on the basis of regular and vigorous exercises. Aerobic
exercises do not cause the muscle to increase in size, even though the
exercise may go on for hours.

Aerobic exercises increase the adaptability of muscles and give greater endurance to muscles. To gain good health, it is suggested that a total of at least 20 minutes per day, of moderate exercise, to burn around 200 calories (837 joules) a day, is required. Regular exercise is preferrable to occasional intense sessions.

The bulging of muscles of a body builder or professional weight lifter
results mainly from resistance or isometric exercise in which muscles are
pitted against some immovable, or nearly so, object. Endurance and resistance
exercises produce different patterns of muscle response, it is
important to know what your exercise goals are. Weight lift will not improve
your endurance for a marathon race. At the same time, Jogging will do little
to improve your muscle definition nor will it make you stronger. Proper
exercise for proper goal is necessary.

Related Topics in Zoology:

Bio Zoology All Important Topics


  1. Human Physiology Introduction

  2. Nutrition

  3. Carbohydrates Poly hydroxyaldehydes (or) ketones

  4. Proteins (Polypeptides)

  5. Lipids

  6. Vitamins – Functions Of Vitamins

  7. Deficiency of Vitamin

  8. Minerals – Water – Role of water

  9. Balanced diet

  10. Obesity

  11. Digestive System

  12. Dental Caries (Tooth decay)

  13. Root Canal Treatment

  14. Peptic ulcer

  15. Hernia and Types

  16. Appendicitis (Appendix)

  17. Gall Stones

  18. Hepatitis

  19. Fractures – Types of fractures

  20. Mechanism of fracture

  21. Dislocation of joints

  22. Arthiritis

  23. Rickets and Osteomalacia – Orthopedics

  24. Muscles

  25. Mechanism of muscle contraction

  26. Types of muscle contraction

  27. Myasthenia Gravis

  28. Respiration – Process of pulmonary respiration

  29. Mechanism of Breathing

  30. Regulation of Respiration

  31. Pneumonia Tuberculosis Symptoms Treatment

  32. Bronchitis – Acute bronchitis, Chronic Bronchitis Causes

  33. Circulatory System – Functioning of Human heart

  34. Cardiac Cycle

  35. Coronary blood vessel and its significance

  36. Myocardial infarction

  37. Angina pectoris

  38. Angiogram – Angioplasty

  39. Atherosclerosis

  40. Heart block Echo cardiography Heart Valves

  41. Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD), ICCU – (Intensive Coronary Care Unit)

  42. Blood Pressure

  43. Heart transplantation

  44. Pulse rate

  45. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

  46. Blood – Composition of plasma – Blood cells

  47. Clotting of Blood or Haemostasis

  48. Thrombosis

  49. Nervous system Co-ordination systems

  50. The Brain – Fore Brain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

  51. Memory

  52. Sleep – Types of sleep

  53. Stroke – Brain haemorrhage

  54. Alzheimer – Meningitis (Brain fever)

  55. Conditioned reflex

  56. Electroencephalography EEG

  57. Right and Left brain concept

  58. Spinal cord functioning

  59. Chemical co-ordination – Functions of Endocrine glands

  60. Hypothalamus

  61. Pituitary gland – hormone

  62. Hormones of Neurohypophysis – vasopressin

  63. Thyroid gland

  64. Parathyroid Gland

  65. Pancreas

  66. Adrenal gland

  67. Gonads

  68. Receptor Organs – Eye

  69. Photochemistry of Retinal visual Pigments

  70. Errors of refraction

  71. Optometry – Retinopathy

  72. Cataract – Lens Replacement – Glaucoma – Nyctalopia

  73. Eye Infections and Eye Care

  74. Ear

  75. Mechanism of hearing

  76. Defects of the ear

  77. Hearing Aid – Noise pollution

  78. Skin and functions of skin

  79. Melanin functions

  80. Effects of solar radiation / UV radiation – Skin grafting

  81. Dermatitis

  82. Tongue – Mechanism of Stimulation

  83. Excretion Ureotelism Nephron

  84. Mechanism of urine formation

  85. Renal Failure, Dialysis, Kidney Machines

  86. Kidney stone – Kidney transplantation

  87. Diabetes mellitus

  88. Functioning of male reproductive system

  89. Functioning of female reproductive system

  90. Ovulation and fate of the ovum – Menstrual cycle

  91. Fertilization

  92. Birth control

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